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400 Plateau
Central Anzac sector. The wide, level plateau situated toward the south of the 'Second' (inland) ridge. The plateau derived its name from the fact that it was marked on the maps as being just above the 400 feet contour. The name '400 Plateau' is used mostly to describe the entire feature, as opposed to its two 'lobes' (separated by Owen's Gully) - Lone Pine, on the south - and Johnston's Jolly, on the north side. Extending south from the Lone Pine Plateau run, in order back towards the beach, the spurs of Pine Ridge, Weir Ridge, Snipers' Ridge, Silt Spur, Holly Ridge and Bolton's Ridge. Extending north from Johnston's Jolly runs MacLaurin's Hill, on which were situated Steele's Post, Courtney's Post and Quinn's Post, leading on up to the Turkish positions of the Chessboard, Baby 700 and Battleship Hill, and eventually extending to Chunuk Bair, Hill Q and Hill 971.
Abdel Rahman Bair
The great northern spur of the Sari Bair range, coming off Hill 971 and stretching its lower slopes as far north as the plain east of Hill 60.
Abdul Yere
Turkish Anzac sector. The northern one of the two hills forming Hill Q. See there.
Achi Baba
Helles sector. The hill 2.5 km slightly NE of Krithia, that was never captured during the campaign, although it was one of the main objectives for the first day of the landings. The Turks knew it as Alçi Tepe (Plaster Hill), a name still used for the village, whereas the French called it Achi Baba (Father Achi) probably after a farm on one of its slopes. The characteristic silhouette, with a small round head and two shoulders, became an obsession for the British and the French in the south as they were convinced its capture would open up the road to the Straits and from there to Constantinople. As a matter of fact, Achi Baba itself looks more than a fold in the landscape, which offers a splendid view on the whole Helles sector, but is only the first in a series of hills leading to the much higher Kilitbahir Plateau.
Adana Spur
A western spur of Gun Ridge, south of Scrubby Knoll. It was reached by Lt. Loutit of the 10th Batt. in the morning of 25th April. It was among the farthest points ever reached by Australians during the campaign. From the point where it joins Gun Ridge, Loutit could clearly see the Dardanelles before he was driven back.
Aghyl Dere
(Sheepfold Valley)
Northern Anzac sector. Deep stream-bed, north of the main Anzac position, along which the
4th Australian Brigade was to move to assault Hill 971 in August. The route had not been
properly explored beforehand, and the Brigade became lost and delayed in the dark amidst
the wild tangle of ravines which led into it.
Alay Tepe
(Regiment Hill)
An western spur of Abdel Rahman Bair, from where Turkish fire was directed on the troops
attacking east of Hill 60.
Alçitepe
The Turkish name for Krithia. See there.
Anafarta
(1) The Turkish name for the
Suvla front.
(2) There are two villages inland from Suvla Bay called Buyuk (big) Anafarta and Kuchuk
(small) Anafarta.
(3) Nickname ('Anafarta Annie') of a Turkish long-range artillery gun firing from the
hills of the Anafarta Spur.
Anzac Gully
Central Anzac sector. The gully that housed the corps and divisional headquarters and Birdwoods dugout, close to the central part of Anzac Cove and just north of MacLagan's Ridge. Although well-sheltered, it was never completely safe because of incoming fire from the direction of Gaba Tepe in the south or Nibrunesi Point in the Suvla sector.
Apex, The
A slight prominence high up on Rhododendron Ridge which offered protection from Turkish fire, and the furthest inland point retained by the Anzac forces after the August assault on Chunuk Bair. 200 yards further uphill and connected to the Apex by a narrow saddle, is a second rise called 'the Pinnacle', which in its turn is 300 yards from the top of Chunuk Bair.
Ari Burnu
(1) The cape at the northern
end of Anzac Cove. Ari Burnu cemetery is situated here. This is the cemetery at which the
Dawn service is held each Anzac Day.
(2) The Turkish name for the Anzac front.
Ariburnu Knoll
The hillock, just behind Ariburnu, over which ran 'The Big Sap'
Artillery Road
The road that was constructed during the campaign and still runs from Lone Pine via Shell Green to the beach south of Hell Spit.
Asma Dere
One of the upper reaches of the Azmak Dere, starting in the foothills of Abdel Rahman Bair.
Australia Valley
One of the northern branches of the Aghyl Dere, named after the 4th Australian Infantry Brigade.
Azmak Dere
A watercourse leading from Biyuk Anafarta, running to the south of Ismail Oglu Tepe and debouching onto the Suvla flats. There is another Azmak flowing into the north of the Salt Lake at Suvla.
Baby 700 (Turk. : Kiliç Bairi)
Central Anzac sector. The southernmost summit of the Second Ridge, known to the Turks as Kiliç Bairi (Sword Hill). On the original maps this and the summit immediately to its north were shown respectively as a small and large circle within the '700 feet' contour. They were accordingly named 'Big 700' and 'Baby 700'. 'Big 700' was later renamed 'Battleship Hill'. Baby 700 is sometimes referred to as the 'key' to the Anzac position, and was the scene of furious fighting on 25th April, as possession see-sawed between the Anzac and Turkish forces. Both sides attacked and counter-attacked, but by late afternoon it had been lost by the exhausted Anzac forces, never to be regained. The Anzacs were forced back, where they formed a line of posts clinging to the cliff-edges along the Second Ridge. The Turkish position on Baby 700 consisted of approximately seven tiers of trenches, making it the strongest of all positions at Anzac. These overlooked many of the Anzac positions. They were the object of further costly, but futile, attempts to recapture, most notably on 2nd May and 7th August. The only direct approach was across The Nek, also held by the Turks. According to Bean, 'To attempt a frontal assault on this position was like endeavouring to attack an inverted frying-pan from the direction of its handle.' Baby 700 cemetery is located near the summit.
Bakery Beach
Helles sector. A small rocky beach between the south-western tip of the peninsula and X Beach. Three weeks after the landing, the first bakeries were established here as a response to the French who had theirs from the very beginning of the campaign. As there was not enough wood avaialble for the ovens, it had to be shipped from Egypt or Lemnos. The first fresh bread was issued to the troops on 21th May.
Balkan (Gun) Pits, The
Southern Anzac sector (Turkish
position).
Situated about 400 yards south of one of the southernmost Anzac positions (Chatham's Post)
along Harris Ridge. Between this position, named because they were old gun-pits from the
Balkan War, and Chatham's Post, were Bird Trenches.
Bird Trenches
Southern Anzac sector (Turkish
position).
Situated about 300-400 yards south of one of the southernmost Anzac positions (Chatham's
Post) along Harris Ridge.
Battleship Hill (Turk. : Düztepe)
Central Anzac sector. Located within the Turkish lines between Baby 700 and Chunuk Bair, this part of the Second ridge was sometimes referred to as 'Big 700'. The name Battleship Hill was derived from the fact that the British ships would fire onto this hill to halt Turkish movement, break attacks and shell the reserves who sheltered on the inland slope. The Turks called it Düztepe (Straight Hill). The Northeastern slope of this hill, was the farthest point reached on the day of the landing. This feat was accomplished by a small group under Cptn E. Tulloch of the 11th Btn, who soon had to withdraw under increasing Turkish fire.
Bauchop's Hill
Northern Anzac sector. A long spur immediately to the north of Table Top and between the Aghyl and Chailak Deres. Named after Lt-Colonel Arthur Bauchop, commander of the Otago Mounted Rifles, who was fatally wounded (paralysed by a bullet in the spine) during its capture from the Turks in the early morning of August 7th.
Beach
Usually refers to Anzac Cove or North Beach. In the Helles sector it refers to W or V beach.
Bedford Ridge
Suvla sector. A ridge opposite Cheshire Ridge on which were situated three isolated posts, named (north to south) 'Warwick Castle', 'Franklin Post' and 'Newbury's Post'.
Besimsirti
Turkish Anzac sector. The southern one of the two hills forming Hill Q. See there.
Big 700
Northern Turkish Anzac sector. Another name for Battleship Hill. See there.
Big Sap, The
Anzac sector. The big communication trench, which gradually evolved into a sunken road during the campaign. Begun soon after the landing, it led from the southern edge of Ariburnu, over Ariburnu knoll and eventually to Nr 2 Outpost. After it had been improved with an eye on the August offensives, it was deep and wide enough for messages to be delivered on horseback.
Blamey's Meadow
Southern Anzac sector. Overlooked by Tasmania Post. Named after Major Blamey.
Blockhouse, The
Turkish position opposite the Apex at the side of Rhododendron spur..
Bloody Angle
Central Anzac sector. The gully at the eastern fork of Monash Valley, between Dead Man's Ridge and Quinn's Post. The rear of the Bloody Angle was completely open to, and overlooked from, The Nek, which was, from the end of the first day of fighting until the evacuation, held by the Turks. In the afternoon of the 25th April, remnants of the Australian and New Zealand battalions which had been fighting all day to hold Baby 700 were forced back into this and other positions along the Second Ridge. By the morning of the 26th April, any troops remaining in the Bloody Angle were driven out or killed by the Turks on The Nek. On the night of May 2nd an attempt was made to capture Baby 700 by way of the Bloody Angle and the western branch of Monash Valley . The attack was a disaster. The 16th Battalion, for example, lost 8 officers and 330 men on this night; most of them in the Bloody Angle. The Otago Battalion lost at least 10 officers and 252 men. Altogether the action cost approximately 1,000 men. The Bloody Angle essentially formed a gap in the Anzac front line. It remained No Man's Land until the evacuation, held only at night by patrols.
Bolayir
Bulair. See there
Bolton's Hill
Southern Anzac sector. Other name for Bolton's Ridge. See there.
Bolton's Ridge
Southern Anzac sector. The seaward-most ridge extending south from the 400 Plateau (Lone Pine), sometimes also called Bolton's Hill. Farther south it branches into two; the inland fork being Holly Ridge and the continuation of Bolton's being Harris Ridge. These two are separated by Poppy Valley. Named after Colonel W. K. Bolton, commander of the 8th Battalion, who on 25th April was ordered to dig in on the ridge and defend it. Chatham's Post, the most southerly position held at Anzac, was located near the end of Bolton's (Harris) Ridge. Shell Green cemetery is located on the seaward side of the Ridge.
Bomba Sirt
Turkish for Quinn's Post. See there.
Bomba Tepe
Turkish for Hill 60. See there.
Boot, The
Suvla sector. A hill on the northern flank of the Kiretch Tepe range, behind the Turkish lines and looking out on the Gulf of Saros. Named after its characteristic shape.
Braund's Hill
Central Anzac sector. Spur extending seawards from the Second Ridge, adjoining the northern edge of the 400 Plateau. Between it and 'The Razorback' (a spur extending seaward from the 400 Plateau, opposite Johnston's Jolly) ran 'Bridges Road.' The hill separates Shrapnel Valley from Bridge's Road. It is near the north-eastern end of Braund's Hill that 4th Battalion Parade Ground cemetery is located. Named after Lt-Colonel G. F. Braund, commander of the 2nd Battalion, who was here shot and killed by one of his own sentries when he failed to answer a challenge.
Bridges' Road
Central Anzac sector. A road leading to the right from Shrapnel Valley towards Wire Gully. Named in memory of Major-General Bridges, the Australian Divisional commander, who was mortally wounded in Shrapnel Valley by a sniper.
Brighton Beach
Southern Anzac sector. The long beach running southward from Hell Spit to Gaba Tepe. Named after Brighton in Melbourne, which is in turn named after Brighton in England.
Broadway
Central Anzac sector. The wide sunken road leading from the top of Walker's Ridge round the back of the firing line on Russell's Top.
Brown's Dip
Central Anzac sector. A depression just behind the Australian trenches opposite Lone Pine, the location of a big incinerator that dealt with refuse from the trenches. Here the Turkish and Australian dead were buried after the furious struggle to capture Lone Pine in August. The lower part of Brown's Dip was known as Victoria Gully. The bodies in the cemetery in Brown's Dip were exhumed after the war and re-interred in the 'Brown's Dip Plot' of Lone Pine cemetery.
Bruce's Ravine
Helles sector. The gully just north of Gurka Bluff. See there.
Bulair ( Turk : Bolayir)
The narrow isthmus between the Gallipoli peninsula and the Turkish mainland, and therefore one of the more obvious places for a landing. A feint attack was carried out on the heavily fortified positions on 25th April by the Royal Naval Division, causing Liman von Sanders to keep two Turkish divisions, 1/3 of his force, there for more than 24 hours.
Bully Beef Gully
Central Anzac sector. A gully running up from the centre of Anzac Cove past Army Corps Headquarters. As stores on the beach would be threatened by rough weather, bully beef and biscuits were stacked in this gully.
Bully Beef Sap
Central Anzac sector. A communication trench running from the right of Russell's Top to the head of Monash Gully.
Bully Cut
Northern Anzac sector. A deep communication trench cut to enable troops to avoid a heavily sniped section of the Aghyl Dere.
Camel's Hump
Northern Anzac sector. A Turkish position on a seaward ridge of Baby 700 just below Sniper's Nest.
Canterbury Gully
More commonly known as 'Rest Gully'. A gully that branches away from Shrapnel valley, between Plugge's Plateau and Russell's Top, where the Canterbury Battalion of the NZEF rested when in reserve from Quinn's Post. The end of it is formed by the Razor's Edge.
Canterbury Knob
Northern Anzac sector. A machine-gun position on the right flank of the Apex position, overlooking the head of the Sazli Beit Dere. Known also as Preston's Top, after Lieutenant Preston (afterwards killed in France), who first placed machine-guns there on 7th August.
Canterbury Ridge
Northern Anzac sector. Name given to Rhododendron Ridge during the early days of August. The Canterbury Battalion, NZEF, occupied this ground on the morning of 7th August.
Canterbury Slope
Northern Anzac sector. On the slopes of Rhododendron Ridge.
Cathedral, The
Northern Anzac sector. One of the early
names given to the prominent feature known as 'The Sphinx'. See there.
Chailak Dere
(Creviced Valley)
Northern Anzac sector. A narrow valley next south from the Aghyl Dere, leading from Chunuk
Bair to Ocean Beach between Bauchop's Hill and Old No.3 Post and between Little Table Top
and Table Top. This, together with the Sazli Beit Dere, was one of the approaches used by
the 'right assaulting column' in the attack upon Chunuk Bair in August.
Chanakkale Bogazi
Turkish for the Dardanelles, the Straits, the Narrows, the Hellespont.
Chatham's Post
Southern Anzac sector. One of the southernmost positions in the Anzac sector, located near the end of Bolton's (Harris) Ridge. Named after Lieutenant W. Chatham, of the 5th Light Horse regiment, who commanded the covering party which protected the working party (of the 6th Regiment) while it constructed the new trench.
Cheshire Ridge
Suvla sector. A ridge between the upper reaches of the Chailak Dere and the southern fork of the Aghyl Dere. Named after the 8th Cheshire Regiment. Its respective sections were known as Upper and Lower Cheshire. Durrant's Post was in the centre.
Chessboard, The
Central Anzac sector. Turkish position. Gently sloping spur just south of The Nek, adjoining Pope's Hill and Dead Man's Ridge, and connecting the Bloody Angle to Baby 700. So named because the trenches constructed on it formed a grid-pattern, reminiscent of the layout of a chessboard. This was a Turkish position from the end of the first day of fighting. It was higher than, so completely overlooked, Quinn's Post, but was covered by rifle and machine-gun fire from Courtney's Post. It is today largely underneath a recently constructed car-park.
Chocolate Hills
Suvla sector. A range of small hills inland from Suvla Bay, south of the Salt Lake.These hills bere a brownish red colour, and later swept with fire. One part was covered with scrub and, not being burnt, was known as Green Hill.
Chunuk Bair (Turk. : Conkbayiri)
Northern Anzac sector. Summit, 860 feet high, near the centre of the 'Sari Bair' range, separated from the main Anzac position by approximately 1.6 kilometres, lying along the same ridge as Baby 700 and Battleship Hill, which are immediately to its south. Continuing north along the same ridge are, immediately beyond Chunuk Bair, the summits of 'Hill Q'and 'Hill 971' respectively. Chunuk Bair was to be approached along Rhododendron Ridge by the 'right assaulting column' (New Zealanders) in the August offensive, the only practical route, as in all other places the approach is precipitous, corrugated and scrub-covered. Though the crest was gained and held by New Zealand, Gurkha and British units, relentless Turkish counter-attacks and tragic incompetence on the part of some commanders evenually led to the loss of the hill, the troops holding it either being annihilated or forced back into positions such as The Apex on Rhododendron Ridge or to 'The Farm' and thence Cheshire Ridge. The main New Zealand memorial and Chunuk Bair cemetery are located here, and it is here that the New Zealand service is held on Anzac Day (following the Dawn Service, which is held at Ari Burnu cemetery).
Clarke Valley
Southern Anzac sector. Between Victoria Gully and Shell Green. Named after Colonel L. F. Clarke, commanding officer of the 12th Battalion, who was killed on the first day (though he was never anywhere near this area).
Conkbayiri
Chunuk Bair. See there
Cornfield, The
Southern Anzac sector. A small patch of cultivated ground on the right (southern) flank of the Anzac area just above Shell Green.
Courtney's Post
Central Anzac sector. Front-line post clinging to the cliffside of the 'Second' Ridge, lying on MacLaurin's Hill, between Quinn's Post to its north, and Steele's Post to its south. Formed on the first day of fighting as a group of hurriedly-dug rifle pits, it was named after Lt-Colonel R. E. Courtney, commander of the 14th Battalion who held the position in May. Lt-Colonel Courtney died of illness, attributed to his Gallipoli service, in Melbourne in 1919.
Cup, The
Central Anzac sector. Name given by Bean to a small gully of that shape, just south of and connected to Owen's Gully.
Daisy Patch, The
Helles sector. A piece of old cultivated ground covered with flowers, in Fir Tree Wood. Also called The Daisy Field. The New Zealand Brigade which had been sent to the Helles sector for the offensive of 8th May attacked across the Daisy Patch and sustained so many casualties that this action is often compared to what happened to the Australians on the Nek. See also Twelve tree Copse.
Damakjelik Bair
On the left of the Anzac line. This was one of the the objectives of the 'Left Assaulting Force' on 6th August.
Dardanelles, The (Turk. : Chanakkale Bogazi)
The narrow passage between the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara. As it was, together with the Bosphorus, the only sealink between the Western Powers and Russia, it was of vital importance for the traffic of grain from east to west and of ammunition and other supplies in the other direction. The other option, trade and transport via the Baltic Sea, was no valid alternative as severe winter conditions made the use of ships impossible for months on end. All these factors, together with a number of political motives, led to what was to become the Gallipoli campaign : the effort to try and secure a safe passage by sea to Russia, at the same time cut off the Bagdad railway that was to connect Germany with the oilfields in Mesopotamia and eventually force Turkey out of the war. Other names for the Dardanelles were 'The Straits' and 'The Narrows'. They were known to the Turks as 'Chanakkale Bogazi'.
Dawkins' Point
Southern Anzac sector. On Brighton Beach, about 600 yards south of Hell Spit. Named after Lieutenant William Henry Dawkins, of the Australian Engineers, who was killed here on 12th May 1915.
Dead Man's Ridge
Central Anzac sector. A much-contested Turkish salient next to The Bloody Angle and running in between the Anzac positions of Pope's Hill and Quinn's Post. So named because of the bodies of British marines, Australians and New Zealanders which lay there from May 2/3 until rolled off at night or until the Armistice on May 24. Bean (Vol 1 p596-7) explains the origin of the name: 'Shortly after this the Portsmouth Marines, having been caught by machine-guns from their left rear while attempting to climb the eastern slope, were led with great bravery up the western slope on to Dead Man's Ridge. No sooner had they reached the top than machine-guns from German Officers' Ridge in their right rear turned upon them and, with much slaughter, they were driven again to the valley. For many days afterwards on the ugly bare shoulder at the top of Monash Valley their dead lay like ants shrivelled in a fire, until a marine climbed out at night and pushed them down into the valley, where they were buried. The name of 'Dead Man's Ridge' clung to this shoulder when its origin was almost forgotten.'
Destroyer Hill
Northern Anzac sector. A small hill overlooking the Sazli Beit Dere and mid-way between Rhododendron Ridge and No. 1 Post. Often heavily shelled by the torpedo destroyers until its capture from the Turks in August.
De Tott's Battery
Helles sector. An old 18th century gun emplacement under Eskihisarlik Point, the extreme southern tip of the peninsula, where the Turkish monument is situated. At the time of the landing in 1915 it was derelict and of no military importance.
Djemal Dere
Turkish (Djemal's Gully) for Owen's Gully. See there.
Durrant's Post
Northern Anzac sector. A post midway along Cheshire Ridge. Established during the August fighting and named after Major JMA Durrant, 13th Battalion AIF.
Düztepe
Turkish Anzac sector. Turkish name for Battleship Hill (Straight Hill). See there.
Echelon Trenches
Southern Anzac sector. Turkish position, situated
slighly to the south-east of the Balkan gun Pits on Harris Ridge.
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